Vesicoureteral Reflux

Vesicoureteral reflux, called VUR or reflux, is an abnormality of the urinary tract that is usually present from birth. In VUR, urine flows backward from the bladder, up into the ureters, and the kidneys.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

VUR has no symptoms. The condition is usually diagnosed in conjunction with urinary tract infections (UTIs). In rare cases the reflux can be visible on prenatal ultrasounds in the final months of pregnancy as renal hydronephrosis and confirmed as reflux after birth.

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS

The primary cause of the condition is abnormal development that results in an impaired ureteral valve, which does not close properly.

DIAGNOSIS

UTIs are the most common reason that VUR is discovered because the presence of a UTI leads the physician to look for abnormalities in the urinary tract. VUR is also suspected when an infant or child is observed to have an enlarged kidney drainage system on an ultrasound exam of the kidneys.

TREATMENT APPROACH

Giving the patient antibiotics to prevent UTIs and kidney damage is the cornerstone of initial treatment. Children with more serious forms of reflux are likely to require surgery. Surgeons may also opt to remove a ureter or kidney if they are badly damaged.